Monday, May 24, 2010

Will the Real Postville Please Stand Up?

Stephen G. Bloom. Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America. San Diego: Harcourt, Inc., 2000.

Burling 2nd Floor: F630.J5 B56 2000

Mark Grey, Michele Devlin, Aaron Goldsmith. Postville U.S.A.: Surviving Diversity in Small-Town America. Boston: Gemma, 2009

Burling 2nd Floor: F629.P73x G74 2009

Reviewed by T. Hatch

The small northeastern Iowa town of Postville has a knack for drawing attention to itself. The kosher slaughterhouse operation that was raided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in May of 2008 is now reopening under new ownership while the former CEO of Agriprocessors, Sholom Rubashkin, awaits sentencing on eighty-six counts of fraud, mail and wire fraud, and money laundering. Issues of racism, religion, and rural reactionaries aside, Postville is yet one more example of how there are no “and they lived happily ever after” stories involving the meatpacking industry in Iowa towns and cities. Unfortunately, this point largely eluded the authors of both of these deeply flawed and disappointing books.

Stephen Bloom's book was chronologically first, widely read, and marketed by a well known publisher. Bloom was a recent arrival at the University of Iowa in the Journalism Department in the mid-1990s when he set out upon a journey of discovery. A secular liberal Jew he was intrigued by the tales of the community of a couple of hundred Lubavitcher Hasidim who had moved to Postville starting in 1987 when the closed former animal rendering plant was purchased by Aaron Rubashkin of Crown Heights, Brooklyn and reopened as a glatt kosher processing plant.

Bloom traveled repeatedly to Postville from his home in Iowa City and interviewed both Postville locals and members of the Orthodox Jewish community there. One of the charges of Bloom's critics is that he litters the countryside with ridiculous stereotypes. There is some validity to this accusation. In the first chapter of the book, Bloom provides the reader with some local color of how life is in Iowa. He avers that in Iowa “the concept of road rage didn't exist.” People “drove ...ever-so-slowly, almost never over the speed limit” (p.7). Further, I learned something about Iowa grocery stores from Bloom. “Here the local grocery store stocked pigs' ears that customers picked out of a big wooden crate”(p.15). I lived in Iowa City for almost thirty years and have absolutely no idea of where this grocery store with the pigs' ears might be. But, I heartily approve of perpetuating stereotypes of this nature. In fact whenever I travel out of state, and because I see the ideal population of Iowa as being no more than three million people, I regale all listeners with tales of livestock running wild in the streets.

While I lack standing and expertise in matters relative to Orthodox Judaism, Bloom serves up a number of stereotypes relating to the Hasidim of Postville that strain credulity. Are all Jews in Postville really lousy drivers? (p.47) Do the Lubavitchers all fail to mow their lawns and shovel the snow from their sidewalks? (p.48) Viewing an on line picture of Sholom Rubashkin's house it appears that the yard is up to acceptable standards of suburban lawn care.

The focus of Bloom's book is the political fight that the city council of Postville had with Agriprocessors over the issue of annexation. The proposed annexation would include the slaughter facility which had been outside city limits and therefore beyond the reach of local taxation. The annexation issue came to be viewed as a referendum of the presence of the Hasidim in Postville. Sholom Rubashkin had threatened that if the town's people were to vote in favor of annexation then Agriprocessors would pack up and leave. This turned out to be a bluff as annexation passed by a ten percent margin with only fifty-seven percent of all eligible voters taking part in the vote.

Bloom is up front in telling the reader that he sided with the Postville locals and hoped that annexation would pass. This brings us to the not so sub textual crux of the issue. The real clash of the cultures here was between a secular Jew and his Orthodox counterparts. While Bloom's book is entertainingly colorful in its descriptive splendor it is not a work of analysis and explains almost nothing. Yet it is the better of the two Postville books.

Postville U.S.A. By Mark Grey, Michele Devlin, and Aaron Goldsmith is a self-conscious and tendentious effort to stake a claim to “authenticity.” Two things immediately come to mind in reading this book. In the first instance “to err is human but to really f@#k up requires a committee.” And in the second instance, since it is unclear which author has written what, it is possible to establish a literary form of plausible deniability.

The second Postville book was written in the wake of the Immigration and Customs enforcement raid. As such, it left the reader flat. The authors contend that “In many respects, Agriprocessors revitalized Postville, bringing hundreds of new jobs and a sizeable payroll”(p.6). While this is one description of events, it is at least as accurate to say that Agriprocessors concentrated, and exploited, undocumented immigrant labor flouting a variety of labor laws daily. This environment of exploitation occurred in part because Agriprocessors made sure no union got near the place. The low wages paid the immigrants made those jobs less attractive than jobs at the local Walmart. While the authors recognized that Postville was emblematic of issues swirling around immigration, globalization, and migrant workers' rights, and they correctly placed the community with the rest of rural America riding the wave of demographic change, they spent little time explaining how this came to pass. It is almost as if the immigrant laborers were anonymous.

Not that I expected the authors to become Philip Foner, but their two page abstract description of the beatdown of labor in the 1980s during the Reagan counterrevolution was totally inadequate. How was it that hundreds (and, with turnover, thousands) of immigrant workers just happened to find their way to Postville? What a stroke of good luck for an employer paying minimum wage to workers to debone cows.

By far the most tiresome part of Postville U.S.A. was the endless prattle about the diversity industry. Lacking the sophistication to realize there was such a thing (at first glance I thought it might be what the guys in Human Resources of some corporation call themselves to sound cool) after reading the book I was totally indifferent to the hustle of the diversity specialists. The authors positioned themselves as running the gauntlet between the politically correct progressivism of the diversity industry on one side and ahistorical, ethnocentric conservatism of the racists and xenophobes on the other. They are the selfless ones who spoke for the gemeinschaft that is Postville; geist that can only be judged by itself and not by any “outsiders.”

I frankly expected that there would have been more space devoted to the day-to-day struggles of the townspeople after the government raid on Agriprocessors. Not only was the reader disappointed in this, the authors several times complained about members of immigrant families that were left behind and thus adding to the economic strain that the community already felt. Frankly another lesson that might have been derived is that a smaller community with a single dominant employer is at the mercy of the vagaries of a vicious postmodern capitalism.

Tuesday, May 11, 2010

The Long Way Home: An American Journey from Ellis Island to the Great War

Laskin, David. The Long Way Home: An American Journey from Ellis Island to the Great War. New York: Harper Collins, 2010.

R. Stuhr

It is interesting to read this book about 12 men who immigrated during the great 19th century wave of immigration in light of current debates on immigration and especially recent legislation in Arizona. Laskin's book is about the interesting path these men took to the United States, looking for opportunity, perhaps even seeking to avoid mandatory service in their native countries' armed forces, only to be drafted into the U.S. forces. We know this, we should know this about the ourselves and the population of our country, but this book serves as a reminder that the United States is made up of immigrants, that, in fact, this is what is special about our country--there is no specific ethnicity associated with being an American. The same people passing anti-immigrant legislation law in Arizona or passing English only laws have, somewhere in their not too distant ancestry a relative who came to this country speaking a language other than English (and English is such a rich expressive language because of its incorporation of words from all over the world).

Laskin's history looks back to the early lives of each of his subjects in their homeland and the reasons for their immigration. Most had a father or other relative living in the United States, some witnessed their villages or towns emptying out as the inhabitants left for America, all left expecting to find great opportunity--streets paved in gold. Most arrived in the United States to find opportunity but on a meager scale. They experienced discrimination, crowded and decrepit accommodations, minimal opportunities for work--often heavy and dangerous labor, and, for comfort, they gravitated toward small communities of those whose origin and language they shared.

A few of Laskin's subjects joined the army voluntarily as a viable employment option, others were drafted as the United States entered World War I. Laskin reports that the army was an army of recent immigrants, filled with soldiers who did not speak English and many were setting out to fight their own countrymen.

Although some of the immigrants whose stories are represented in this book went on to be decorated soldiers who established themselves with thriving families and successful careers others, Laskin writes, were killed in action, "[s]ome drifted. Some lived on the margins. Some never recovered from war wounds, whether physical or psychic" (327) in no small part from the trauma of war and the effects of poison gas. Not withstanding the contributions of immigrants in the war, as the war ended the Ku Klux Klan was having a resurgence and a building national fear of Communism led to the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 which restricted most immigration and banned Asian immigration altogether.

This book serves as a social history of the First World War, as a tribute to the immigrant generation who served in the armed forces, and, sadly, as an always necessary reminder that we are a nation of immigrants. As I write this review, according to surveys, 51% of the U.S. population believe Arizona's legalized racial profiling as a means of identifying illegal aliens is "about right" (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20004030-503544.html). A Long Way Home is a thoughtful, somewhat sentimental history. Laskin's attachment to his subject allows him to provide an intimate perspective on an aspect of American history that provides context and illumination in our own dark times.

On order for the Grinnell College Libraries

Other books by David Laskin in the Grinnell College Libraries:

The Children's Blizzard. New York: HarperPerennial, 2005
Burling 2nd Floor F595 .L37 2004

Partisans: Marriage, Politics, and Betrayal among the New York Intellectuals. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.
Burling 2nd Floor PS255.N5 L37 2000

Saturday, May 1, 2010

Japanese Crime Novelist, Miyuki Miyabe

Japanese books! Novels by Miyuki Miyabe

Submitted by Deborah Iwabuchi

Burling Library is home to a complete set of the mystery novels of Miyuki Miyabe currently translated into English. Miyabe is a prolific Japanese writer who has sold millions of books in Japan, but is not quite as well known in the US. Mixing mystery, history, youth and some paranormal activity, as well as her own commentary on modern society, almost everyone in Japan has read a Miyabe novel at some time or another.

The titles available to you at Grinnell College are (in order of publishing date):

All She was Worth A straight mystery and the best known Miyabe novel in the English-speaking world; the search for a woman who has disappeared in an attempt to hide from the mess consumer financing has made of her life.

Burling 3rd PL856.E856 K3713 1999

Shadow Family This is also a “strictly in this world” tale that takes place in a single day at a Tokyo police station. In an effort to find a murderer, in the presence of the real family of the victim, police question his “shadow family”, a group of people the murdered man met online as part of a role-playing game.

Burling 3rd PL856.I856 R213 2004

Crossfire A series of murders take place in Tokyo, and all of the victims have been burned to a crisp. In this fantasy-plus-police procedural, Miyabe unfolds a tale that looks at victims of injustice in modern society, and examines the question of whether or not passing judgment on criminals should be left to the police.

Burling 3rd PL856.I856 K8713 2005

The Devil’s Whisper A young man loses his parents and ends up living with his aunt and her family. He finds himself involved in the investigation of the deaths of four young women that ultimately leads him to the story behind the unraveling of his own family.

Burling, Smith Memorial PL856.I856 M3513 2007

For a fuller review of this novel, see the blog entry in the Grinnell Book Review


The Sleeping Dragon A teenager on a bicycle and the death of a young boy in the middle of a storm rope in an unwilling magazine reporter with a past of his own. The solution to all of the mysteries are in the hands of two young men: one who claims to be a psychic and the other who insists he is not.

Burling 3rd PL856.I856 R9813 2010


Tuesday, April 6, 2010

National Library Week April 11-17

April is many wonderful things, including National Poetry Month (more about that later), but also National Library Week. Our Governor Culver has seen fit to recognize the week ahead through a formal proclamation. You can view it at:
http://www.statelibraryofiowa.org/ld/tell-library-story/Props/10nlwproc

But, for you who prefer not to follow links, here are a couple of interesting details noted in the proclamation:

Iowa has 543 public libraries, 79 academic libraries, "more than'" 1,400 school libraries, and 63 special libraries. Iowans made 18,744,559 up 41% from 1999 and 2/3rds of Iowa's citizens have an active library card.

Celebrate next week by making a visit to your local public or academic (or school or special) library, and enjoy the helpful library professionals and services you will find there.

Monday, April 5, 2010

The Rooster goes to Wolf Hall

And the voting is in--really! The judging is a fun (and thoughtful!) read and a nail biter to boot--check out the championship round at the Morning News Tournament of Books. And that is all until next year.

Tuesday, March 30, 2010

More Tournament of Books

Since our last entry on the Tournament of Books, much as happened. The Anthologist by Nicholson Baker, The Book of Night Women by Marlon James, and the Big Machine by Victor Lavalle, all made it on to the quarter finals. Since then, the quarterfinals and semifinals have happened leaving only the zombie and championship rounds to go (April 1 & 2). Barbara Kingsolver's The Lacuna, beat Colum McCann's Let the Great World Spin and Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall beat James's The Book of Night Women. Reading isn't such a passive activity is it?

Look here for the champion title, or visit the Tournament of Books yourself--lots of good reading about reading.

When We Get There

Seliy, Shauna. When We Get There. New York: Bloomsbury, 2007.

Submitted by R. Stuhr

In her first novel, Shauna Seliy, writes about a coal mining community in Pennsylvania, set some time before today, but after the Viet Nam war. As you can imagine, it is hard times in the community with both tragic accidents from the coal mines in its past, and economic decline as the last coal mines close in its present and future. In many ways, this community is shielded from time and the outside world. The Eastern European backgrounds of the members of this community transcend politics and pop culture. Seliy focuses specifically on four generations of a family, the first generation of which came from Russia and Hungary. 13 year old Lucas has lost his father in a coal mine accident and his mother has disappeared. He is being cared for by his grandmother. The family's patriarch, Lucas's great grandfather, goes into a steep decline as he loses control of the family and in particular, as a symbolic pear tree is set on fire by someone outside the family. As the great grandfather sickens, it becomes clear that he expects young Lucas to take some responsibility for the farm. Lucas is more intent on finding his mother than doing anything to keep the family together, but as the novel progresses, Lucas gains insight into his family and his place within the family. The novel is colored by the use of bits of Russian language and elements of Russian and Orthodox culture. Seliy includes a tinge of magical realism -- enough to add to the outside the rest of the world character of the setting, but not so much as to overcome the delicate progress or message of the novel.

Burling Library, Smith Memorial. PS 3619 .E465 W47 2007.

Ms. Hempel Chronicles

Bynum, Sarah Shun-Lien. Ms. Hempel Chronicles. New York: Harcourt, 2008.

Submitted by R. Stuhr

This short novel is almost like a series of short stories, all dealing with a different event or time in Ms. Hempel's life. Each chapter reveals some new detail of her life. Ms. Hempel is a young (under 30) middle school teacher who is figuring out teaching, her students, and herself. All of it is confusing for her, her ambitions, her lack of ambitions, her responses to her students, her relationships with friends and family. In some ways the book is frustrating, because, since the the main character lacks much insight into herself, so do we, the readers. On the other hand, Bynum's narrative style is unusual and trying to absorb the sudden revelations gives the reader the opportunity to work just a little harder (in a gratifying way). Ms. Hempel doesn't have everything figured out, she has not developed deep insights, she is muddling her way through as do many of us.

Burling Library, Smith Memorial PS 3602 .Y58 M74 2008.

Bynum
is also the author of Madeleine is Sleeping. Harcourt, 2004.

Monday, March 15, 2010

The Case of the Missing Books

Sansom Ian. The Case of the Missing Books. NY: Harper, 2005.

submitted by R. Stuhr

Mystery is not usually a genre I'm excited about reading, but how could I pass up this particular mystery? The main character is Israel Armstrong, the Jewish-Irish London raised underemployed librarian who has so far found work in a mall bookstore. Israel finally finds a bona fide librarian position at a public library in Ireland, only to find out that the library has been closed. He still has a job, but his new library is mobile, in fact his new library consists of an old book mobile or "mobile learning center." He is convinced by the local bureaucrat to take the job on at least temporarily to get the mobile library started up. Israel soon discovers, however, that all of the books are missing. This not too intense mystery unravels as Israel gets to know the local library constituency and has encounters with chickens, mud, and angry citizens. He may or may not solve the mystery, but the local readers are well served before the novel ends.

This is fun reading and the author knows something about libraries and city councils.

Burling 3rd Floor PR 6119 .A575 M66 2006b

This is the first in a series, so if you like this one, you are in luck!

The Tournament of Books continues

The opening rounds are taking place at the Morning News Tournament of Books. Here are the pair offs and the winners so far:

Round March 9 :
Colum McCann, Let the Great World Spin (Smith Memorial PR6063.C335 L47 2009) The Winner!
Nami Mun, Miles Nowhere (on order at Burling Library)

Round March 10:
John Wray, Lowboy (Smith Memorial, PS3573.R365 L69 2009)
Katheryn Stocket, The Help (3rd floor, PS3619.T636 H45 2009) The Winner!

Round March 11:
Barbara Kingsolver, The Lacuna (3rd floor, PS3561.I496 L33 2009) The Winner!
Bill Cotter, Fever Chart (on order for Burling Library)

Round March 12:
Kamila Shamsie, Burnt Shadows (3rd floor, PR9540.9.S485 B87x 2009) The Winner!
Richard Russo, That Old Cape Magic (on order for Burling Library)

Round March 15:
Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall (on order for Burling Library) The Winner!
Apostolos Doxiadis, Logicomix (on order for Burling Library)

Follow the links to read the comments for each pair off.

More to come